Christianity and islam

Christiany was found in 33.C.E and was found in palistine,Jesus from Nazareth taught "religion" to convert the jewish to believe in god in islam,especially the poor followed him.Today it is the largest religion in the world, with around 2 billion followers. Especially dominant in the western world, today's Christianity has a wide variety of forms, beliefs and practices but all center around faith in Jesus Christ.

The symbol of christian is the cross were jesus was nailed on it.The purpose of life is to serve,know,love god.
The holy book for christians is the bible,which contains 773692 words.

Islam
Islam was founded even ealier than christianity.It was founded by 622 C.E,it was founded in Mecca,Saudi Arabia,Their holy book was the koran.
A muslim accept the supreme power from god or how they refer god as "Allah" in their language.
Muhammed was considered as the prophet,he was not seen as the founder of Islam,but he was a"messenger"who delievered the messages from The gods above from them.

Alexander the great

Born in a royal family,his father was the current king,He was born in pella,Throughout,he did well,became the king of macedon

Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhoodAccording to the ancient Greek biographer Plutarch, Olympias, on the eve of the consummation of her marriage to Philip, dreamed that her womb was struck by a thunder bolt, causing a flame that spread "far and wide" before dying away. Some time after the wedding, Philip is said to have seen himself, in a dream, securing his wife's womb with a seal engraved with a lion's image Plutarch offered a variety of interpretations of these dreams: that Olympias was pregnant before her marriage, indicated by the sealing of her womb; or that Alexander's father was Zeus. Ancient commentators were divided about whether the ambitious Olympias promulgated the story of Alexander's divine parentage, variously claiming that she had told Alexander, or that she dismissed the suggestion as impious.On the day that Alexander was born, Philip was preparing a siege on the city of Potidea on the peninsula of Chalcidice. That same day, Philip received news that his general Parmenion had defeated the combined Illyrian and Paeonian armies, and that his horses had won at the Olympic Games. It was also said that on this day, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, burnt down. This led Hegesias of Magnesia to say that it had burnt down because Artemis was away, attending the birth of AlexanderSuch legends may have emerged when Alexander was king, and possibly at his own instigation, to show that he was superhuman and destined for greatness from conception.

His biggest achievement was,he defeated the persian and claimed piece in the region,and he died in babylon.

Three important leader during the persian time

The three major leader during the Persian Were the founder of Cyrus-the great,Darius,Xerxes.

Cyrus-founder of the Persian Empire. He united the majority of the ancient Middle East into a single state extending from India to the Mediterranean Sea.founder of the Persian Empire. He united the majority of the ancient Middle East into a single state extending from India to the Mediterranean Sea.

Cyrus overthrew three great empires, Babylonians, Medes, and Lydians and united most of the ancient Middle East into one state, extending from India to the Mediterranean Sea. Cryus became the first Achaemenian Emperor of Persia, and had the title of "King of Babylon-King of the Land." He did not change the institution of the kingdoms he incorporated into the Persian empire, and allowed all the people to live in peace and harmony.

Cyrus issued a decree citing his policies and aims, which became known as the Charter of the Rights of Nations.To Become a Stong nation,Cryrus The Great decided not enslave people form their gain during military hardships.Instead they put them into one family,so the benefit would be a massive increase of income int the persian Empire

Darius I (Old Persian Dârayavauš): king of ancient Persia, whose reign lasted from 522 to 486. He seized power after killing king Gaumâta, fought a civil war (described in the Behistun inscription), and was finally able to refound the Achaemenid empire, which had been very loosely organized until then. Darius fought several foreign wars, which brought him to India and Thrace. When he died, the Persian empire had reached its largest extent. He was succeeded by his son Xerxes.

DARIUS THE GREAT, king of Persia in 522-486 BC, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty, who was noted for his administrative genius and for his great building projects. Darius attempted several times to conquer Greece; his fleet was destroyed by a storm in 492, and the Athenians defeated his army at Marathon in 490. This kind was thought to Enslave people in use of his Building project,which became one of his most important task while Darius The great was in rule,The founder of  Achaemenid Empire.

Xerxes

He was a very powerful he Fought against the greece,and it turned badly,he must defeated,it let the greeks moved into the persian empire.But they didnt took over persia,instead it xerxes son killed the intruders and brought piece into the nation.Xerxes was a very selfish man,he planned somethings very big,he ordered the People and slaves to build it. 465 BC Xerxes was murdered by Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court (Hazarapat/commander of thousand). He was promoted to this prestigious position in the Achamenid court through his successful withdrawal of the second Persian army from Greece, even though this involved refusing to help Mardonius in Plataea. Although Artabanus bore the same name as the famed uncle of Xerxes, a Hyrcanian, his rise to prominence was due to his popularity in religious quarters of the court and harem intrigues. He put his seven sons in key positions and had a plan to dethrone the Achamenids

The Mayans

The maya- tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala

People that dont exist anymore of the european explorers because,they carried disease that were fatal to them,and the European came here to explor for gold.The Maya were experts  at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork.One Major accomplish was the Mayan calender.

Geopraphy

the northern Maya lowlands on the Yucatan Peninsula; the southern lowlands in the Peten district of northern Guatemala and adjacent portions of Mexico, Belize and western Honduras; and the southern Maya highlands, in the mountainous region of southern Guatemala. Most famously, the Maya of the southern lowland region reached their peak during the Classic Period of Maya civilization (A.D. 250 to 900), and built the great stone cities and monuments that have fascinated explorers and scholars of the region.

Early Mayans

The earliest Maya were agricultural, growing crops such as corn (maize), beans, squash and cassava-refered to as  A shrubby tropical American plant

 Classic Maya civilization grew to some 40 cities,The Estimated average numbers of peoples were heavily depended on where you are,Some had 50,people and some had 50000 People.The total population reached to 2 million.

Religious and political structure.
The Mayan believed various type of god that are used for benefits of agriculture,such as a god for sun,moon,rain....The highest class in the Mayan time were the kings,or"kuhul ajaw"(Holy Lords).People believed that they were sent by the god,to organize religious rituals

Decline of the mayas

Unknown decline,but scholars guessed that the reason might could have the overpopulation or the overuse that cause depletion.The fell

The social system of the Aryans

The first caste was created by the indians 1500B.C

The religious theories explain how the four Varnas were founded, but they do not explain how the Jats in each Varna or the untouchables were founded. According the Rig Veda, the ancient Hindu book, the primal man - Purush - destroyed himself to create a human society. The different Varnas were created from different parts of his body. The Brahmans were created from his head; the Kshatrias from his hands; the Vaishias from his thighs and the Sudras from his feet. The Varna hierarchy is determined by the descending order of the different organs from which the Varnas were created. Other religious theory claims that the Varnas were created from the body organs of Brahma, who is the creator of the world.

varna-Sudra Varna who are the simple workers of the society

• the Brahmins: scholars, teachers, priests and sagesthe
•  Kshatriya: kings, soldiers, and rulers.^[
• the Vaishyas: merchants, cattle herders and agriculturists ^[3]
• the Shudras: labourers, craftsmen and artisans

The Fith was described as the Untouchabled,the workers who were responsible for the disposal of dead body.They were as dirty and polluted
Jati
a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)
A rule is that they are never allowed to change to another society.Or either like i said they will be punished
A consequence of the 3rd rule was that Brahmins were often employed as cooks. The rule was often not applicable if the food items are dry (e.g. roasted grains) or cooked with oil/ghee (pakka).
The benefit of having a jati and caste system is to distingush the wealth and reputation of each,some people may be richer and famous,some not.so they created this system for not only this reason,they created it so they are in one society,and they shall never quite or otherwise,the consequence are terrible.
Upanishads
Upanishads are Philosophical texts considered to be a early source of the hindu society.
Braham
One of the classes in the varnas,traditionally a fire priest
Samsara

continuous flow", is the cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth or reincarnation within Hinduism, Buddhism, Bön, Jainism, Sikhism, and other Indian religions. In modern parlance, samsara refers to a place, set of objects and possessions, but originally, the word referred to a process of continuous pursuit or flow of life. In accordance with the literal meaning, the word should either refer to a continuous stream of consciousness, or the continuous but random drift of passions, desires, emotions, and experiences

Karma

is the concept of "action" or "deed", understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect (i.e., the cycle called saṃsāra) originating in ancient India and treated in Hindu, Jain, Buddhffist and Sikh philosophies.

Moksha

moksha meant"To let go" to achieve it.

Ancient Egyptian

Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with a multitude of deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces and elements of nature. The myths about these gods were meant to explain the origins and behavior of the forces they represented, and the practices of Egyptian religion were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor.
Writing:Hyroglyphic Writing 3200.B.C.E,.Composed by more than 500 symbols,,A hieroglyph can represent a word, a sound, or a silent determinative; and the same symbol can serve different purposes in different context.The people at that used this invention to keep record of business and only a few people were able to,those who went school,they have access to it.The egyptians carved it into stones.
Geogrophy:The people built their settlement along the niles,So they have acces to the water,which enables them to travel for father distances.
Agriculture:The niles used to flood some of the surface,once they flood,the water retreats and the wet land is very furtile,becaue the silt.
Social Structure:The pharaoh,hold most of the power and he represent as one of the gods.

lagsh

Artistic-Foundation figures of Gudea, who was an energetic builder of temples. The peg figurines were placed in the foundations and commemorate the ruler's piety,this city state built statues to honor their king.like the statue of Gunea.
Social-It was at that time ruled by independent kings, UR-Nanshe (24th century BC) and his successors, who were engaged in contests with the elamites on the east and the kings of "Kienĝir" and kishh on the north.Lagash was one of the oldest cities of the ancient near west.
Political-Sargon's state,Ur-Nanshe, "Ane-tum", En-entar-zid, Ur-Ningirsu, Ur-Bau, and Gudea.they were independent ruling kings in lagash.
intelectual:They were very creative when they though of making the statue of the thier kings,
Lagash was endowed with many temples, including the Eninnu, “House of the Fifty,” a seat of the high god Enlil. Architecturally the most remarkable structure was a weir and regulator, once doubtless possessing sluice gates, which conserved the area’s water supply in reservoirs.




Religion-Lagash was the religious center of the Lagash state. Lagash's temple was E-Ninnu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu.Economy-resources could be disembedded from social units as well as individuals and allocated to royal institutions,ritual economy.